Marketing Audits Using Swot Analyses

Question: Examine about theMarketing Audits Using Swot Analyses. Answer: Presentation Coca-Cola as an organization is really the biggest refreshment organization the world over that is answerable for the production of roughly 500 non-heavy drinkers refreshment brands which are for the most part drink brands, yet in addition upgraded waters, common water, juice drinks, espressos, and caffeinated drinks and furthermore prepared caffeinated drinks (Hansen, 2016). Through the companys circulation and packaging activities and autonomous merchants, packaging accomplices, retailers and wholesalers, the Coca Cola Company guarantees that its marked drink items are profited to its clients who are situated in various parts on the planet. Qualities of the Coca-Cola Company One significant quality of Coca-Cola Company is that it has solid promoting and publicizing abilities which even made it to turn into the biggest promoter on the planet in the whole refreshment industry. For example, the organization burn through 3.976, 3.499, and 3.266 US billion dollars in the years 2015, 2014, just as in 2013 separately on publicizing. Another critical quality of Coca-Cola Company is that it is one of the most generally perceived brands on the planet and surely, the great red and white hues combined with the mark logo viably reverberates with dominant part of buyers over the world. Shortcomings of Coca-Cola Company One shortcoming that Coca-Cola Company is confronting is that of water the board. Attributable to the way that water is the significant element for the vast majority of the items that the organization makes (Grant, 2016). Water as an asset is very basic for the thriving of all networks over the globe and consequently being a restricted asset, it might confront overexploitation by the Coca-Cola Company. This will eventually bring about an ascent sought after for food, yet in addition for other mechanical and buyer items which require water in their assembling forms. Another noteworthy shortcomings for the Coca-Cola Company is that there is change in remote cash in that attributable to the way that its budget summaries are typically merged in United States dollars, a reduction or increment in the estimation of the US dollar against different locales monetary forms exceptionally influences the companys working pay, the accounting reports esteem, and the net working worth. Open doors for the Coca-Cola Company Expansion has made it feasible for Coca-Company to effectively make a solid nearness in the quickly developing drink industry (Sproegel, 2016). The organization has in this manner created jointed endeavors and advances with different partners, for example, in wellbeing, vitality, espresso, and drink divisions that have helped it to rapidly support its base and top lines. The way that a portion of the creating nations on the planet are confronted with water deficiencies that have brought about absence of clean water has made the organization to accomplish higher deals through arrangement of clean filtered water. Dangers Facing the Coca-Cola Company One significant dangers confronting the Coca-Cola Company is circuitous rivalry from organizations, for example, the Dunkin Brands Group and the Starbucks. It can really be attested that despite the fact that such organizations don't legitimately rival Coca-cola, they really place genuine imprints in the piece of the overall industry of the Coca-Cola Company. Another danger is that nutritious choices have prompted the making of negative impression of the companys items making some government controllers to put inordinate assessments on soft drinks as well as sweet delicate refreshments. It can really be declared that despite the fact that utilizing water as a significant segment of Coca-Colas items may prompt termination of this significant asset, it is additionally quality on the grounds that the organization gives clean water to populaces who can't manage the cost of it (BOLLAnD E.R.I.C, 2016). Book index BollanD, E.R.I.C., 2016. Contenders and Competitive Intelligence. Arrangements: Business Problem Solving, p.161. Award, R.M., 2016. Contemporary methodology examination: Text and cases release. John Wiley Sons. Hansen, J.T., 2016. Developing a Product Brand Identity: The Case of Coca-Cola. Sproegel, M.J., 2016. Shopper Buying Behavior on the Danish Soft Drink Market.

Changing an Outdated Policy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Changing an Outdated Policy - Assignment Example This approach specifies that the mentor must be available during the real class injuries .The guide is required to educate, make introductions in class and to assess the understudies. The assessment is consistently in either as short inquiries replied inside the class. This approach empowers the coach to get immediate criticism from the understudies on whether the subject or the talk has been comprehended. The understudies are additionally ready to look for explanations of muddled focuses. The strategy makes the study hall showing increasingly intuitive. The understudy finds the opportunity to reason out focuses among themselves in class. The associations make learning increasingly fun and intriguing. Despite the fact that this arrangement has its own focal points, it likewise has a few inconveniences. It has low separation level. That is, it doesn't permit understudies to move at their own paces. It has lower understudy participation and commitment. When an understudy misses an exer cise, making up for lost time will be troublesome subsequently diminished commitment in the class exercises. The understudy and the mentor won't be about similar points. The present technique that should be acquainted by teachers with make learning increasingly profitable is the flipped homeroom. ... The flipped study hall has a great deal of favorable circumstances over the customary instructing technique. It takes into account more noteworthy separation since the understudies can move at their own paces. Improved understudy participation and commitment since when the instructor will be available in class, the person will manage the assignments where everybody is required to take part. It encourages increasingly proactive cooperations between the instructors and the understudies. This is on the grounds that both the gatherings will be occupied with critical thinking. The flipped homeroom is understudy focused, progressively conservative with respect to the overseers since it permits them to recruit less instructors since the educators don't invest a great deal of energy in class. Changing the Policy The first , ISLLC standard for school pioneers expresses that a school manager is an instructive pioneer who advances the achievement of all understudies by encouraging the improveme nt , enunciation , usage and stewardship of a dream of discovering that is shared and upheld by the school network. This implies a school executive ought to consistently endeavor to bring changes that will improve the exhibition of the understudies. This incorporates refreshing of the obsolete arrangements. The approach that the instructor or the mentor must be available during sores is obsolete and ought to be supplanted by flipping homeroom where the teacher’s introductions are recorded on record and the guide just talks about the assignments the understudy in class. The chose strategy to refresh or change will profit the school from numerous points of view. Right off the bat, it’s affordable since the school won't be required to recruit more instructors since the educators won't be required to invest a great deal of energy in class. Besides, the approach change will assist with improving the evaluations in the

A recipe for disaster

A recipe for disaster Hi everyone! By now you’ve probably seen the decisions promo video, where we made a giant oven and cooked a giant pie in it. Kristen and I, and a bunch of other people (mentioned below) put too much work into it last semester, over IAP, and basically until it was uploaded, and I’m excited to give you the full story of the complete mess that we made. Here are extra video clips that we filmed, and there will be timestamps throughout this post that correspond with this video: We started planning this in November-ish. We went through a bunch of ideas, like a Buzzfeed/Tasty-style video of a pie recipe, going for a Guinness world record for largest/most pies (way too big/logistically difficult), and finally, this. Kristen did a bunch of thermo (0:07), and I used volumes to scale up normal pie recipes. After we had our ingredients and materials finalized, we bought all the ingredients from Costco and needed a uhaul to bring it all back (0:53). We were buying 140 cans of peaches so Petey had Costco put them all on a pallet and forklift it into the uhaul (2:01). The Uhaul sank a few inches when the peaches were placed inside. We also got 100 cups of butter (0:17), 100 pounds of sugar and flour, and 7 large cans of shortening. On the way back, Kristen, who was driving, needed to brake suddenly and the whole pallet just fell everywhere (2:16). This dented a few of the cans and made a mess in the uhaul so we couldn’t use them Kristen is an actual course 2 and made the frame. We designed it on Solidworks over winter break, and then she scavenged metal from a scrap metal yard (3:02). She’s a mentor at a makerspace/machine shop (The Deep) so we had access to their machines and welders (3:58). We brought all the metal over to the shop and Kristen welded the pie rack by herself (4:29). The night after we were up until 3am welding the oven frame. Then we noticed a problem. We had made it in 2 parts to be bolted together so it would fit through all the doors and hallways and back to East Campus but the steel was so heavy, we weren’t sure if it would support all the concrete blocks we were going to stack on top of it. We couldn’t just add another leg at the droopy part because that was supposed to be the opening of the oven, the “door” that the pie would go in through. We sat for a good 15 minutes trying to figure out how to stabilize it without blocking the door, until Kristen had the biggest brain-est energy-est and realized we could just rotate the oven frame. The pie could go in through an adjacent side and we could weld legs onto the droopy side. Brain cells this big. Kristen and a bunch of East Campus residents put together the oven in the courtyard. Even with the extra leg at the droopy part, we still didnt trust the frame to hold up all the concrete blocks, so we decided to cover the top with layers and layers of aluminum foil instead. The air gaps between the layers of foil did a pretty good job of keeping the heat in. Next was to make the crust dough and freeze it so we could roll it out and press it into the pie tin on bake day. The official video has super aesthetic clips of me sprinkling sugar and carefully measuring ingredients in the 1E kitchen but this was filmed afterwards using more reasonable quantities. We actually made the dough and filling in Talbott kitchen and it was chaotic. We made this recipe 90 times,  which is too much of anything probably. We made the peach filling the night before baking (6:40), around 228 times this recipe.  It requires cooking the peaches before it goes into the pie crust and it took fucking forever because there was so much liquid that had to boil out. Also so much butter, it was disgusting. The butter melted during the cooking process, but when the filling mixture cooled, it re-solidified into a mass of cinnamon and nutmeg coated fat at the top of the pots. We also needed to drain out as much of the liquid as possible (7:11) so the pie wouldn’t turn into soup, which it did in the end anyways. Katherine Yang had the big brain idea of siphoning out the liquid using pvc tubing (this is how people steal gas). It kinda worked. We mostly used strainers to get the liquid out, and that also took fucking forever. We started cooking at 7pm and finished at around 5am, and by then, we needed to start rolling out the dough. While this was happening Kristen was cutting the giant aluminum sheets and riveting it together to make the pie tin (5:08). Here’s me laying in it because I’m 5’2” and the pie was 6.28 feet in diameter. We covered the tin in many layers of aluminum foil afterwards to make it watertight and because the aluminum was found at a scrap metal yard. At 6am we started rolling out the dough (8:25) and it was just too much dough, we didn’t even roll it all out. We pressed it into the tin (8:45) while the briquettes were heating up and being thrown into the oven. We pre-baked the crust, but the dough we lined around the sides of the tin fell down to the bottom into an uncooked lump, and the middle of the crust burnt (I think the coals were too close to the pie tin, and the heat went straight into the tin instead of distributing around the whole oven). We just ignored that and started scooping the filling, which there wasn’t enough of, on top of the burnt/undercooked pie crust (9:15). The peaches had cooked down and reduced in volume way more than we expected, so instead of being 4 inches thick, the pie was about 1 inch thick. At this point, before baking, the pie still looked alright. It also took fucking forever to bake, and the peaches kept releasing more liquid and creating a swampy soup. The crust kept absorbing the liquid and not cooking fast enough, and the longer we baked to try to get the crust to cook through, the more liquid came out. Unlike the video would have you think, we didnt lounge around and watch adventure time while waiting for the pie to bake (we filmed that afterwards- 10:00). Instead, Kristen watched the pie bake and I made pie crust crackers (little squares of pie crust to be eaten with the pie filling since the crust was either burnt or undercooked). This was probably the best idea in this whole terrible idea, thanks Mary (1E GRT)! Finally, 21 hours and one panic attack later, at around 4pm, the pie came out. As you can see it doesnt look great. It was swampy and the crust was undercooked in some parts and burnt in others, but apparently people thought it tasted fine. I hid in the kitchen because I couldn’t handle any more people or stuff in general and helped Jenny, who stayed up and helped the entire time, clean all the butter-coated kitchen surfaces and pots. These were giant fucking pots and would barely fit in the normal-sized sinks. There were also butter-coated storage totes and butter-coated buckets and butter-coated utensils. Everything was coated in a layer of butter which took fucking forever to clean. I had to take the storage totes and buckets into the shower and scrub them. So yeah, after staying up for 30 hours and working for 22 of those hours, this was worse than all of Kristen’s and my finals weeks combined. Our feet hurt when standing up and sitting down, and our backs were going to collapse. I d?i?e?d?   slept for 19 hours straight and then went to the bad ideas ball the next day (a party that 1E throws every IAP for Bad Ideas), where I drank to forget my problems and served the strained peach juice to our guests. There was a whole trash bag-lined trash can full of it (7:18) and I don’t think very many people wanted it. They were horrified but only we knew the true pain we had endured the past two days. Here’s all the people, credited and uncredited on the video, who helped with this project: Petey Peterson (Adult) Christine Muir (Adult) Alice Ursella (EHS Adult) Andrew Peterson (Drone Adult) Cowboy Lynk (Camera genius) Kristen Young (Thermo expert, welder, big brain) Jenny Zhang (worked for 22 hours straight with me and Kristen the night before/day of baking) Natasha Ter-Saakov (Bad Ideas Chair who approved this truly bad idea, gave us workers, and also helped with the baking) Kathleen Esfahany (putting together oven, baking crust crackers, going to Costco with us) Shuli Jones (making filling) Katherine Yang (making dough and filling, knows about baking large amounts of stuff and also siphoning) Chetan Sharma (making dough and filling) Laney Flanagan (making dough + PUNS) Mary Tellers (suggesting that I make pie crust crackers which was such a big brain idea) Jake Whitton (making dough and baking) Kat Jiang  (making dough and filling, putting together oven) Zoe Sheill (making filling) Deven King-Roberts (putting oven together and baking advice) Maxine Beeman (putting oven together) Andrea Meister (straining/scooping filling into pie) Tho Tran (making dough) Mayukha Vadari (making dough) Sabrina Mazer (making dough) Stephanie Chin (rolling out dough) Jingyi Zhao (rolling out dough) Charity Midenyo (sitting with Kristen in shop so she could weld not be in shop alone) Joel Hutchison (putting together oven) Eileen Hu  (putting together oven) AJ Cavallaro (baking) (Ongoing list- I dont know everyones names) Thank you so much for helping out! I wish we hadn’t birthed this terrible idea but you guys made it possible in 22 hours instead of like 100. Post Tagged #Bad Ideas #Pie #Terrible Ideas

“The President Has Been Shot” the Assassination of John F....

â€Å"The President Has Been Shot† the Assassination of John F. Kennedy tells the story of one of the most horrifying events in American history. James L. Swanson takes the reader through the events leading up to the assassination and depicts the sunny, Texas afternoon on November 22, 1963 with dramatic details and an impeccable perspective. Born in Brookline, Massachusetts in May of 1917, Kennedy remains the youngest man ever elected president of the United States. John, known to friends as Jack, had a powerful family background. His maternal grandfather was the former mayor of Boston and his father served in FDR’s administration. Kennedy himself had a strong military past before running for the House of Representatives in 1946, later†¦show more content†¦Swanson also greatly depicts the murderer, Lee Harvey Oswald and his precise plan for killing the president. The killing occurred during the President’s motorcade through downtown Dallas, as it lead straight to Oswald’s work. â€Å"President Kennedy did not like it when his bodyguards rode on the car because he thought it made him look less approachable to the people (page 95).† Sitting in the car was Jackie to his left, the driver, and the Texas governor in the front. Oswald shot two bullets before successfully slicing through JFKà ¢â‚¬â„¢s hair, making a hole in his scalp, perforating his skull. The book continues telling the events of actions taken after his murder, including Jackie’s distress, the funeral, and his burying. I thoroughly enjoyed this book, as it went into great detail on various events and the thoughts of each of the people involved. It was an easy book to follow, which can be hard with a book that covers so much information. I would definitely recommend this to another US History student or someone that enjoys learning about not only history, but life changing events, such as the assassination of John F. Kennedy. I was very interested in John F. Kennedy and his death after watching the movie on Lifetime that Mrs. Macioce wanted us to watch earlier in the year. I decided to choose this book to further my knowledge on the topic, especially since we have recently learned about mentionedShow MoreRelatedThe Kennedy Assasination Mysteries Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kennedy Assasination Mysteries The Kennedy assassination was a huge part of the 1960s. It still is today due to the lack of information. This lack of information has caused the real truth to become hazy. There are numerous books, web sites, and reports that are filled with stories of conspiracy and lies that were supposedly involved in the Kennedy assassination. This is one of those papers. However, this paper is committed to the research of the truth. The truth being that Lee HarveyRead MoreThe Assassination of John F Kennedy1477 Words   |  6 PagesAssassination Like anything of importance, there is absolutely no way that everyone will ever agree on the circumstances surrounding the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The theories are as diverse as the outcomes of investigations conducted at the time of his assassination and continuing to present day. There are many who resolutely believe that Lee Harvey Oswald was a deranged lone gunman with no ties whatsoever to any other person or organization with regard to Kennedys murder. In factRead MoreKennedy Won The Democratic Convention953 Words   |  4 PagesRowe funded Humphrey’s campaign in hopes that Humphrey would defeat John F. Kennedy. Moreover, Rowe thought that this would lead to Johnson’s path of the presidency (Peters, P. 62) However; it was too late because Kennedy was dominating the presidential nominations. Instead, Johnson was relying on his running mate Humphrey to win the Democratic Convention. Ultimately, Johnson hoped that Humphrey would choose him to be his vice president if Humphrey won the Democratic Convention. Johnson believed thatRead MoreCauses and Effects of the Assassination of John F. Kennedy Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesliterally shot for the stars all the way up until the day he was shot down. While being the youngest and first Roman Catholic president, John F. Kennedy always motivated and encouraged America to strive for the best. Until a horrible silence struck the American people, he was removed from society in 1963. There were many believed causes regarding Kennedy’s death. There is the belief that Oswald shot him as a lone gun man. There are also other theories that state that there could have been more thanRead MoreThe Kennedy Assassination Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe Kennedy Assassination President John F. 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So many questions have formed around this event, not just about who the shooter was, but also questions like what might the world have been like today if the shooting didn’t happen? The Kennedy assassination has been a mystery for many years. A lot of people hear about the differentRead MoreEssay on The Mystery of the JFK Assassination816 Words   |  4 PagesThe Mystery of the JFK Assassination The assassination of JFK affected the lives of many that were alive during his presidency and forever impacted history. His assassination is shrouded in mystery, and to this day no one knows exactly what happened. He was the youngest elected president, and the youngest president to die in office. JFK was many things. Among these, he was the youngest president, youngest president to die in office, and the first Roman Catholic president (Merriam Websters). SinceRead MoreConspiracy Theories Related to the Assassination of John F. Kennedy1200 Words   |  5 PagesOn the 22nd of November 1963, the 35th president of the United States of America, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with the crime, but was shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby before he could be taken to trial. The Warren Commission officially determined that Oswald was the lone assassin, however, this conclusion has not been accepted by many. In fact, a 2003 poll reported that 75% of Americans do not believe that Lee Harvey Oswald acted

Corporate Social Responsibility ( Csr ) - 978 Words

The idea of a perfectly clear and all-encompassing definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been much deliberated and remains controversial. The research of Marrewijk (2013, p.95) elaborated on the significance of this ongoing debate among academics, consultants and corporate executives which results in creating, supporting and criticising of different concepts. This essay will illuminate CSR principles, consider different definitions and concepts and relate it to my definition. Furthermore, it supports the argument of companies’ interest in CSR only for profit maximisation. Notably, Milton Friedman (2002) argued the desideratum of any other social responsibility for businessmen other than that of making maximum profits for their stockholders to exist when he clearly stressed: ‘Few trends could so thoroughly undermine the very foundations of our free society as the acceptance by corporate officials of a social responsibility other than to make as much money for their stockholders as possible’ (p.133). He also reasoned the unavailability of determinant factors of such social responsibilities, taking into account that it is neither efficient nor reliable to enforce nebulous social responsibilities on corporations. Consequently, critics opine that the concept of CSR is inimical to sound business practices and strays away from the basics of wealth creation (Clement-Jones, 2005; Murray, 2005; Jamli and Sidani, 2008). These academics feel businesses should involveShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility And Csr1566 Words   |  7 PagesSoc ial responsibility or also called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)- is the firm’s engagement (voluntarily initiated) in and its compliance (legally mandated) to environmental, social, and governance issues (The Foundation, 2014). Also, is based on stakeholder’s needs being financially sustainable, and CSR can come from both corporate or not-to-profit organizations. CSR has seven categories; Leadership, vision and values; Marketplace activities; Workforce activities; Supply chain activities;Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1167 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which is also known as corporate citizenship, corporate conscience or in a simple way a responsible business. It is an integrated concept of self-regulatory business model for any organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility has been in practice for more than fifty years now, which has been adopted not only by domestic companies but also by transnational company with voluntary CSR initiativesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr1232 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate social responsibility has become a buzzword within the industry in the last few years. Following the financial market crash investors and stakeholders began looking at corporations to act more socially responsible. The meaning of social responsibility differs across regions. Western countries are the ones who are pushing for corporate social responsibility -thesis-- A broad overview at corporate social responsibility (CSR) looks to corporations to make a change in the society or the environmentRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility1598 Words   |  7 Pages CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined by many groups like, Tata steel, Coca Cola, Reliance, Videocon etc. Although they all stand for similar meanings connecting to taking responsibilities of the society as a business individual, its definition has been getting broader from a established point of view, corporate social responsibility is a type of business instruction included in a business demonstration. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatoryRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesCSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility and it is a concept with many definitions and practices and also a buzzword in the media. In general, corporate social responsibility is the policies and progra ms of business corporations which tend to benefit society while improving a corporation’s public image and profitability at the same time. The meaning of it is implemented in different countries and companies differently. Warren Buffet said that it takes 20 years to build a reputation and onlyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )863 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology in the last century. The term of Corporate Social Responsibility appears more often into public’s concerned and it has become a hot issue in recent years. This essay is going to discuss and provide an overview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by debate some key issue in this area. 1.2 What is Corporate Social Responsibility? In 1953, Bowen’s Social Responsibility of the Businessman firstly discusses the idea of corporate social responsibility. He states the relationship between societyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1314 Words   |  6 PagesSocial responsibility has become a primal interest to the humankind for the past two decades. In the earlier days, the firms and organizations concentrated only on the financial part of the business and ignored the ethical, social and moral sectors. 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In spite of the fact that CSR has been neglected for quite a long time, nowadays several authors deal with this issue, as revealed by the development of theories in recent years concerning the topic. In spite of the fact that there has been a huge growth of literature it is still impossible to simply define CSR. Many definitions trying to capture the concept of CSR exist, but their content varies (MattenRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1370 Words   |  6 Pagesmore attention on the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The core issue is the appropriate responsibility of business. In as much as firms ought to obey the law, but beyond complete compliance with environmental laws, the question is whether firms have extra social responsibilities to commit part of their resources to environmental preservation voluntarily. This memo provides an exploratory investigation of the link between corporate social responsibility and the benefits accruing to a

History of The Mackinac Bridge Free Essays

Since Nov. 1, 1957, when the Mackinac Bridge opened to public traffic, the iconic symbol has stood as solemn testimony to mankind’s engineering abilities. The Mackinac Bridge is made up of more than one million tons of concrete and steel. We will write a custom essay sample on History of The Mackinac Bridge or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its towers rise 552 feet above the Straits of Mackinac and reach 210 feet below the waves. From May 7, 1954, until late fall of 1957, about 3,500 laborers worked in and over the Straits of Mackinac constructing the bridge. The project cost the lives of 5 men. In addition, 7,500 people labored in offsite job shops and quarries from Duluth, Minn., to Pittsburgh, welding, forging and assembling steel, mining rock and mixing concrete. There was a total of 85,000 blueprints printed for the construction of the Mackinac Bridge.Construction began on the bridge on May 7, 1954, following years of debate on how to best cross the Straits of Mackinac. Everything from a tunnel to a series of causeways, tunnels and bridges going from Cheboygan to Bois Blanc Island to Round Island to Mackinac Island finally ending in St. Ignace- before a single suspension bridge with two towers was ultimately chosen. This was made possible because of Steinman’s experience with other bridge projects, with it prompted him to encourage private financing for the Mackinac Bridge. The bridge was financed through a unique bond sale that covered its $100 million cost without using state or public funding. The bonds sold to pay for the Mackinac Bridge were retired July 1, 1986. To anchor the 100 million gross tons of the Mackinac Bridge, man-made mountains were required to be built in 88 feet of water. The anchor blocks- piers 17 and 22-were to become the beginning and end of the world’s longest suspended span to date. The harbor at St. Ignace became the home base for Merritt-Chapman and Scott’s marine construction equipment, regarded in 1954 as the largest gathering of its type ever assembled for a civilian project. St. Ignace was the location for land-based construction of the giant steel foundations and bridge support pieces. Decompression sickness, or â€Å"the bends,† was a constant threat to the safety of the divers who worked in the extremely cold, deep water of the straits. Commonly told among school children an ironworker who lost his footing fell to his death. It’s said he landed in newly poured concrete, where his body lies today, preserved beneath the bride connecting the two peninsulas of Michigan. While historians say no iron, worker is encased in concrete, five people did die in accidents related to construction of the bridge. One died when he surfaced too quickly, a welder died when he fell into an underwater retaining structure, a worker fell from a short distance into the water and drowned, and two others fell 550 feet from a catwalk near the North tower, according to the authorities. Of the two workers who fell from the catwalk, one body was recovers immediately and the other was never found. Mackinac Bridge workers, like many workers involved in an intense high-stakes project, enjoyed a special camaraderie that they still speak of today. There was a feeling of togetherness, of them all being in the same situation, and of beating the odds. There was also a concern for each-others safety and welfare, with many of the men becoming lifelong friends. A new record for underwater consolidation of concrete was set in the spring of 1955, when work resumed after a long winter of ice and snow. During the 31 days of May that year, 103,000 cubic yards of concrete were poured into foundations of the Mackinac Bridge. A final step before the cables were encased in a protective piping was a coat the wire in a corrosive-resistant, â€Å"red-lead† paste. This was done to protect against rust and corrosion, two factors which could seriously compromise the integrity of the suspension system. The coating was a terrific success, as annual inspections done by removing the piping reveal little to no damage done by the forces of nature. Besides the main suspension span, the Mackinac Bridge is really constructed of a series of smaller, conventional bridges that would span many wide, formidable rivers and gorges. The building of these linked spans took place for the most part on land. All the work was done within sight of ferryboat passengers, crossing for the last 35-minute trips before they would be able to drive across the new route in less than 10 minutes. Michigan’s miracle Bridge was becoming a reality. Workers were issued a safety helmet complete with miner’s light and a life jacket for the boat trip out to the job site. Beyond that, all they took along was their lunch. The men would then leave the lifejackets on board for the next crew, disregarding the fact that they were working around very deep water that could be extremely cold. The general highway approach to the bridge was being formed at Mackinaw City, where a viaduct took the highway over the villages main street, Central Avenue. The date was July 22, 1957, and inclement weather delayed the raising of the final piece of Dr. David B. Steinman’s geometric puzzle to conquer the Straits of Mackinac. That evening, the last section was raised and bolted into place, connecting the steel of a bridge that would tie Michigan together as a state. All suspension bridges are designed to move to accommodate wind, temperature change, and weight. Thanks to the open grating installed on the middle two lanes of the Mackinac Bridge, the design flexes easily when necessary. Wind water and snow easily passes through the grates surface. The completed tollbooth and administration building were readied just in time for occupancy before the Mackinac Bridge opened for business. The last job to get the Mackinac Bridge ready for traffic was to coat the concrete traffic lanes with a layer of bituminous asphalt, completed only days before the official opening. Tolls have always been a staple of the bridge to offset the costs of construction and maintenance. Opened on Nov. 1, 1957, tolls were set at $3.25 per passenger vehicle. In 1961, tolls rose to 3.50 and again to $3.75, where they stayed until 1969, when the Legislature passed funding for the authority and tolls were lowered to $1.50 for a passenger vehicle. The cost for traversing the bridge remained at $1.50 until 2005, when it was raised to $2.50, because of increased maintenance costs, Sweeney said. The Mackinac bridge is the third-longest suspension bridge in the world behind the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan at 12,826 feet between suspensions and the Great Belt Bridge in Denmark at 8,921 feet. Both bridges opened in 1998. At 8,614 feet between suspensions, the Mackinac Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the Western Hemisphere. The total length of the Bridge 28,372 feet. It links Mackinac City in the Lower Peninsula. At just over five miles, the bridge is long enough to cause some trouble for crossing motorists who fail to fill up their gas tanks before crossing. To keep the bridge looking pristine, workers spend countless hours and use myriad gallons of paint. â€Å"Every year we use around 50,000 gallons for spot painting,† said Sweeney. Of the paint used each year, 45,000 gallons of green is used on the lower sections and cables, while 5,000 of ivory is used on the structures. Because of an $80 million maintenance plan, the 50-year-old structure is expected to have an infinite lifespan. Overhead highway lighting was installed to make nighttime crossings of the bridge safe and enjoyable. The bridge lighting could be seen for miles from either the Mackinaw City or St. Ignace shores, and cable lighting provided a further distinctive accent. One thing that bridge workers did not do before the bridge opened was paint it. The construction schedule dictated a November opening, and painters needed warmer temperatures before they could begin the big job of painting such a large structure.On November 1, 1957, traffic officially opened on the Mackinac Bridge. A huge story, the event attracted 150 newspaper men from throughout Michigan and neighboring states that included Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, Indiana, New York, and Ontario. Only a comparative few of the thousands of people attending the celebration were able to watch the dedication of the Mackinac Bridge, held at pier 22, the north anchor block of the bridge, on June 28, 1958. It was there that a five-mile length of ribbon was stretched from Mackinaw City at the south end and from the St. Ignace shore to the north. The Mackinac Bridge began celebrating the first year it was open by offering the public a chance to walk across the span. The event started as a race-walking activity, but soon became popular with thousands who wanted to return the following year and bring their friends with them. On May 9, 2003, the highest wind speed ever recorded on the bridge occurred at 4:08 p.m. The anemometer read 124 miles per hour.Area: Bridge sparks questions, myths. Keywords used to find article: News paper articles on Mackinac Bridge. Found at the local library. Published in Lansing. Authors are Michael Carney and Capital News Service. It was published Monday, February 26th, 2007. The purpose this source serves for my topic. Gives important dates such as when construction started on the bridge, also goes into detail about the tolls and amounts for crossing the bridge. Michael Carney writes about the work of the Mackinac Bridge. The structure of the document would be an informative news paper article. Works Cited: Carney, Michael. â€Å"Area Bridge Sparks Questions, Myths.† The Mining Journal [Lansing] 26 Feb. 2007: 3A. Print. Images of America Mackinac Bridge. Keywords used to find book: History of the Mackinac Bridge. Found at Public Library. Published by Arcadia Publishing Charleston SC, Chicago IL; Portsmouth NH, San Francisco CA. Author Mike Fornes. Published in 2007. The purpose this source serves me is it gives me the history for both the bridge and everyone who helped to build it. Works Cited: Fornes, Mike. Mackinac Bridge. Charleston, SC: Arcadia, 2007. Print. Area: Model Marks ‘Big Mac’s’ 50th year. Looked up News paper articles on the Mackinac Bridge at the local library. Published in Farwell. I could not find an Author. Published in 2007. The information I pulled from this source help make my introduction to my essay with just enough to get the reader to question what all I was going to go into detail about. Works Cited: â€Å"Area Model Marks ‘Big Mac’s’ 50th year.† The Mining Journal [Farwell] 28 May. 2007: 3A. Print. How to cite History of The Mackinac Bridge, Papers

Nanotoxicology

Question: Write about Nano toxicology including these mechanisms of toxicity Nanomaterial Uptake, Translocation, and Intracellular? Answer: Nanotoxicology is a branch of toxicology/nanotechnology that deals with the study of adverse effects or toxicity of nanomaterials. The term Nanotoxicology was proposed by Donaldson to address the problems likely to be caused by nanoparticles. It includes the study of interactions of nanoparticles with biological systems (cells, fluids and tissues) at nanoscale level (Gallud Fadeel, 2015, 143). On the basis of this interaction, a relationship between physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles can be established which further leads to the induction of toxicological responses. Thus, nanotoxicology helps to understand and assess the possible health risks which are associated with the use of nanoparticles. It has been reported that there are several factors that contribute to toxicological side effects of nanoparticles or nanotoxicity such as the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, nano particle size, large surface area, flexible structure and chemical composition as well as the shape (Khanna et al., 2015, 1165). Hence, it is important that nanoparticles are evaluated for their toxicity so as to determine whether and to what extent are they posing a threat to human beings and environment. Nanoparticle-associated toxicities results due to changes in the structural and physicochemical properties which leads to changes in biological activities and includes Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, changes in cell signalling and cell function, genetic damage and apoptosis/or necrosis (cell death). The molecular mechanisms behind the toxicity of nanoparticles can be explained as: The uptake of nanomaterials by human beings can occur through several routes such as via respiratory system, circulatory system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, dermal routes and others (inhalation, oral ingestion, injection). For instance, oral ingestion of nanoparticles can lead to their translocation to the central nervous system and hence, these nanoparticles can further accumulate in the brain and can disrupt the normal metabolism ultimately leading to brain toxicity and brain damage. Also, use of cosmetic products that contains nanoparticles for example, sunscreens can lead to dermal exposure and entry of nanoparticles and their further intracellular distribution as well as accumulation in various organs (Khanna et al., 2015, 1166). Nanomaterials can also lead to oxidative stress through production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and is one of the major causes of nanotoxicity. The induction of Reactive oxygen species by nanomaterials is primarily due to the pre sence of pro-oxidant functional groups on the surface of nanoparticles and due to the interaction between the cell and nanoparticles. The generation of Reactive oxygen species in excess can cause cell damage, DNA damage, chromosomal fragmentation, breakage in DNA strand and genetic mutations (Manke et al., 2013, 7). The induction of ROS response immediately results in activation and initiation of pro-inflammatory responses as well as multiple signalling cascades such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) pathways, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways also gets activated. Activation of these pathways leads to the transcription and expression of number of pro-inflammatory genes. Such inflammatory responses further lead to the decrease in the membrane potential of mitochondria and can even lead to the destruction of mitochondria sometimes. Increased levels of lipid peroxide are also observed along with decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities. This alters the normal cell fu nctioning and cell metabolism. This in turn can lead to cell apoptosis and/or cell death (Farhan et al., 2014, 472). Therefore, ROS generation and oxidative stress is one of the primary mechanisms contributing to the toxicity of nanoparticles or nanotoxicity and can act as an inducer for a series of events like inflammation, cell injury, damage to cell membranes and cell organelles as well as DNA, apoptosis/necrosis. However, the exact mechanism behind nanoparticle-mediated toxicity needs to be explored and studied in order to reduce the toxicological side effects of nanomaterials. References Farhan, Mohd., Khan, Imran., and Thiagarajan, Padma. Nanotoxicology and its Implications. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences 5, no. 1 (2014): 470-479. Gallud, Audrey., and Fadeel, Bengt. Keeping it small: towards a molecular definition of nanotoxicology. European Journal of Nanomedicine 7, no. 3 (2015): 143-151, DOI 10.1515/ejnm-2015-0020. Khanna, Puja., Ong, Cynthia., Bay, Boon Huat., and Baeg, Gyeong Hun. Nanotoxicity: An Interplay of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cell Death. Nanomaterials 5, (2015): 1163-1180, doi:10.3390/nano5031163. Manke, Amruta., Wang, Liying., and Rojanasakul, Yon. Mechanisms of Nanoparticle-Induced Oxidative Stress and Toxicity. BioMed Research International, (2013): 1-15.

Apple Inc. Smartphone Marketing Strategy in Australia

Abstract Australia’s mobile services market continues to experience rapid innovations and development regarding both handset devices and variety of services conveyed to the customers through these mobile devices.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Apple Inc. Smartphone Marketing Strategy in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both mobile handset functionality and mobile network capacity have increased in the recent past not only in Australia but also in other parts of the world. Moreover, there have rapid evolution of other aspects of mobile services including voice services to include the application of internet and web access. These rapid evolutions in the development of mobile handsets together with services have enabled new forms of mobile phone-based communications and services provisions to emerge. In addition, these rapid developments together with increased competition for customers among mobi le operators and services providers have made the mobile phones an attractive proposition for majority of Australians. This case report looks into the complexities of the Australian telecom industry and various pricing strategies that companies have adopted in order to sell their products or services in this highly competitive environment. The Australian mobile phone industry is highly competitive and companies must adopt clear-cut pricing strategies for their products in to remain afloat in the market. Introduction The use of mobile phones in Australia has increased considerably in the last five years. It is approximated that 89% of the Australian adult population have adopted the use of mobile phones by 2011. This number is expected to rise by 3% in the next two years.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the replacement of fixed line telephone by households is al so expected to reach 100% by 2015. This statistics indicate that there are huge market opportunities for mobile phones handsets together with their applications. Moreover, the mobile phone support services also have the opportunity to take advantage of the rising market. The increasing mobile phones market and its support services have attracted the various companies both old and new in the communication industry. Major Service Provider companies such as Vodafone, Telstra, Optus, and other have scrambled to claim a portion of the rising market share. The market has not only attracted the services provider companies but also the mobile phone manufacturers such as Apple. Many companies have infiltrated the Australian market each with its unique handset. Many of these mobile phones are internet enabled and being purchased and used by the Australian consumers. The reason is that most of these handsets usability in terms of services have been increased. In 2011, 58% of the mobile devices in the Australian market had 3G. Besides internet services, the current mobile phones sold in Australia are more affordable with additional advantage of merging most of their functionalities. All voice, video, and data services are now put under one control. Bringing these services together has been enabled by internet and web access. In essence, the traditional functionalities are now merged with internet-enabled functionalities. In addition, the development of mobile software such as android has increased the functionality of mobile phone.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Apple Inc. Smartphone Marketing Strategy in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Synopsis Australia’s mobile market is a highly complex and competitive. Major companies including Vodafone, Telstra, and Optus dominate this market with similar services and products. Though most of these companies provide data and service, other mo bile phone manufacturing companies have also found their way into this market. In fact, the Australian mobile market is a representation of the current revolution in the telecommunication industry. Most of the mobile products applications are packaged together through the internet and web access. Most of the Australians are now accessing most of the services through their mobile phones. These services range from social net working to e banking. The major problem companies in this market are facing is the pricing strategy. There are many companies offering similar products. These products are also undifferentiated resulting into fierce competition among firms. This analysis use SWOT as a marketing tool to analyze the company internal strengths and weaknesses, opportunities available, and the threats the company is facing from the outside environment (Klompmaker et al., 2010). Pricing strategies are used to provide solutions to the problems firms in this market are facing. Pricing str ategies will also provide formidable recommendations for new firms willing to enter this market. Major problems faced by mobile phone companies in Australian market One of the biggest problems these companies are facing in the Australian mobile market is the pricing strategy. The reason is that there are many companies producing or providing similar products and services thereby increasing the level of competition.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In such a highly complex operations and competitive environment, pricing for a particular product or services becomes complex. Moreover, the monopolistic behavior of major companies offers an entry barrier for new firms willing to enter the market. These dominating companies pricing strategy technically prevents other companies from setting profit making prices for their products. Besides, the homogeneity of the products and services the companies sell in market further complicates their pricing strategy. The similarity of the products and services in the market lives no room for other forms of differentiation only through pricing. Therefore, the pricing strategy in this market becomes complex as each firm target price offerings that will enable them claim a particular share of the market. Analysis The SWOT analysis This tool evaluates and make out internal and peripheral factors that affect the company operations. The tool has been used to assess the company mobile phones Australia n market current situation, challenges existing, difficulties, and problems that have been experienced. Strengths The company is offering high quality and attractive mobile phones into the Australian market. The quality and value addition have made the products to penetrate and claim the largest market share in highly competitive Australian mobile market. Besides, the company leadership in high technology and electronic industry has boosted the marketability of its mobiles. The company strengths in technology and powerful innovative capacity have boosted the confidence the target market have on its products (Hanlon Luery, 2011). The company mobile phones operating system, the compatibility has exceeded any other competing phones, and this has become one of its greatest marketability strength. In addition, the company Smartphones design is fashionable and stylish which enables the user interface. In addition to technological, quality and design strengths, the company mobile phones i s diversified with different prices that meet all classes of people. Weaknesses The biggest drawback most of the mobile phone companies in the Australian market are facing is the limited market and distribution channels. Another problem is the customer’s privy of other concerns including environment and other brand issues surrounding the company products. This has high probability of perceptive customers not buying from the company mobile products. Opportunities The growing Australian latest mobile phone brands such as Smartphones market is an opportunity for the company. Moreover, the huge population and increasing application of Smartphones by the younger generation offers a potential market. Moreover, the innovative capabilities of the company are another opportunity to introduce new products into the market (Weill Vitale, 2002). Threats The biggest threat the company and its mobile phone products is facing is stiff competition from other firms and similar products. Besid es external competitive threat the company is facing on the particular products, the threat of new entrants are formidable. In addition, high competition may lead to price wars that may result in low prices (Narayandas et al., 2010). Issues relating to the pricing problems External environmental factors affecting prices in the Australian mobile market Customers The industry demand is one of the key parameters affecting pricing decisions of all the companies in the industry. According to the theory of perfect competition, what consumers are capable of paying should be taken into account. This is applicable in a highly competitive environment like in Australia mobile market. In fact, for any company to succeed in this highly competitive environment the knowledge of the demand is essential. Marketing managers must understand the demand curve of their products in order to price their products and services (Narayandas et al. 2010, p.65). In other words, it is conventional for the firms t o distinguish between time horizons or time factor while determining the prices since most of the products and services are highly volatile. The speed with which these services or products are transforming is very high. In essence, the demands for such product are varying across different periods (Narayandas et al. 2010, p.65). Companies in this industry must explicit in time factor while pricing their products. Besides time considerations, the customers purchasing ability or the income of the mobile users are also important in pricing strategy. Companies should segment the market according to income levels. The income market segmentation informs the pricing levels which the company put on its products or services. Since many mobile operators and service providers are operating within perfectly competitive market, prices must be set below the income levels of the customers (Reich Benbasat 1996, p.55). In addition, the prices must reflect the attributes of the competing products. Mo dern customers especially within the telecommunication industry are privy of the various attributes of products being offered in the market. Products characteristics such the design, colorations and weight, quality features and packaging are prominent with mobile phones while brand image and corporate status features prominently with the service providers (Reich Benbasat 1996, p.55). In essence, the complexity of the consumer reactions toward different prices is critical within the Australian mobile phone market. Besides, other factors should also be taken into account particularly that control the pricing decisions. Australian market is exhibited with heterogeneity of prices. The reason is that consumers are well informed about the prices different firms charge on their products. Moreover, consumers differ in their price evaluation because of the different levels of information regarding prevailing price as well as product features (Allen 2011, p.150). This heterogeneity is import ant factor especially in price differentiation. Competitors In this industry, pricing strategy will majorly be based on the prices of the competing products or services. Competition has a big influence on prices most firms charge on their products and services. Competitor’s reactions depend on the structure of the market, the degree of competition, and the availability of the competitive advantages (Sterman, 2000). In Australian mobile market, products are homogenous and undifferentiated therefore firms normally set their own prices. In other words, firms use price differentiation to sell their product or services. In addition, the intensity of competition increases over the product life cycle (Andriani, 2001). As new competitors enter the market, products become more homogeneous. This increases the level of competition. The competition intensity becomes severe at the product maturity and declining stages since the growth on sales can only be achieved at the expense of compet itor’s sales volume (Reich Benbasat 1996, p.55). The implication is that prices will depend or set according to the competitors reactions. In other words, the competitors marketing goal and strategies will influence the prices. In circumstances where the competitors retaliate, the prices will be attenuated thereby provoking price war (Allen 2011, p.150). Under this circumstance, the prices are reduced even below break-even or unprofitable levels. Therefore, competitive behavior analysis is essential prerequisite for effective prices (Allen 2011, p.151). In this industry, particularly within the Australian mobile market, considerable nonconformity from the prices competitors charge are only practical through substantial economic benefits. The economic benefits are associated with low cost and value addition. Cost advantages can only be achieved through low cost distribution than the competitors. Low cost distribution results from the firm’s superior resources and skill s (Narayandas et al. 2010, p.65). Unique products values will result from product features are highly valued by the consumers. These unique characteristics must also differentiate the product from its substitute. The way consumers make out exceptional significance on products makes them become insensitive towards prices. The firm takes advantage of this and charge higher prices without consumers noticing. In the Australian mobile market, firms must take into account the prices other firms charge on a particular product including their credit terms as well as other terms of trade. In addition, the competitor’s financial resources, cost and profit margins as well as the likely response towards the firms pricing strategies and decisions must be taken into account (Weill Vitale, 2002). Moreover, the firm must also look into the barriers to the market entry, the product substitutes from other industries as well as other firms marketing strategies particularly market targets, posi tioning and product differentiation. However, entering and surviving in this market is quite challenging to new firms particularly in price considerations. There are large and well-established firms with monopolistic characteristics. They have substantial discretion over prices. Moreover, the products and services are undifferentiated. In such conditions, there exists fierce competition. Moreover, larger companies with remarkable market share will set prices below the operation levels to prevent new entrants. Alternatives Pricing strategies Firms can apply several pricing strategies. However, the most feasible strategy will depend on several factors including the environmental factors, the firm’s general marketing strategy, and the pricing objective of the company. Moreover, firms that need to survive amid intense competition and technological advancements needs to apply several pricing strategies (Weill Vitale, 2002). Within the industry and the highly competitive market su ch as in Australia, firms such as Telstra that want to survive amid cannibalism of some of its products required pricing strategies such as market-based pricing and the differentiated pricing strategy across various market segments. Market-based pricing strategies This pricing strategy focuses on what the price should be depending on the competitors’ prices on similar products or substitutes and the perceived value of the product to the customers. From the competitors point of view, cost of similar products, the value of the product and market positioning of the firm should be equal or beyond the competing firms. The information regarding the competitors, prices, costs, profit margins and financial resources should influence pricing instead of setting the prices (Weill Vitale, 2002). Firms such as Telstra should focus on value-based approach to pricing because their customers will focus on the benefits rather than costs. Increased benefits will always persuade customers to b uy the products. Therefore, conventional landline to survive from being cannibalized by the modern mobile phone, emphasis must be put on their benefits. In addition, the product advantages must remain to be superior. The only problem with this pricing strategy is how to measure the customers’ perception of the offers against the competitors. In addition, the consumers value perceptions vary considerably even on usability. Various customers will arrive at different cost benefit analysis since they will use similar products on different ways. Therefore, it would be essential for the company to make similar trade-offs between cost and benefits. It is important to note that advantages product have is not equal to its physical and non-physical characteristics. In many choice situations, products are differentiated by the augmented product benefits (Sterman, 2000). Market segmentation pricing strategy In reality, most of the companies lose a lot of profit through single average pri cing approach. To maximize the gains on the prices companies should segment its market in such a way that they gain more from the perceived value on their products. The apparent advantages of the product should have natural prices according to the market segmentation. When this happened, the companies will always maximize their revenues. The aim of differentiated pricing strategy is to set prices according to segmented market niche. In this strategy, companies sell their products based on perceived value rather than on prices. Therefore, companies’ sales and marketing must work closely in order to understand the customer needs to redefine the product or services offerings to meet the needs of the customers. In so doing companies will always maximize on the customers value. This marketing strategy is best for those companies whose products are quickly becoming obsolete. The market strategy helps the companies to redefine and develop their products according to the needs of the market. The solution to the pricing strategies One of the most important marketing decisions affecting the mobile operators in Australia is pricing. Since most of the revenues within the mobile phone market niche is diminishing with the new entrants into the market, pricing is the only marketing mix variable that will help most of these companies generate revenue (Narayandas et al., 2010). In addition, the pricing differentiation in another way through which these competing firms would attract and retain customers in this highly complex and competitive environment. Therefore, pricing is not a simple concept, rather a multidimensional with varied implications for the mobile phone operators and the end-users (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). Pricing is one of the marketing mix strategies that take into account the benefits of the firm and the customer actions. In fact, before these companies consider applying any pricing strategies, complete pricing environment must be put into considera tion (Simon Butscher 2011, p.111). That is, both internal and external factors affecting pricing decisions should be taken into account. The internal factors should begin from the company viewpoint and then from the side of the customer. Regarding the external environment, firms in this industry must thoroughly take into account the influence their competitors have on pricing decisions. Conclusion The increased online service that is made available by the internet availability continues to attract more users of mobile phones in the Australian market. This provides an opportunity for the traditional communication companies as well as other service providers to introduce their products into the market. Most of the mobile carriers are faced with average declining revenues per user. However, with increased use of mobile applications, these mobile operaters can now protect their revenues and increase data consumption. In addition, the mobile applications have also expanded the reach for existing services. With the increased use of mobile phones, many services are now being accessed easily and cheaply. Traditional services providers continue to lose market since consumers can access those services at their own convenience wherever and whenever they are. In essence, increased mobile use and applicability has made life easier than before. References Allen, PM 2011, â€Å"A complex systems approach to learning in adaptive networks,† International Journal of Innovation Management, vol.5 no.2, pp.149-180. Andriani, P 2001, â€Å"Diversity, knowledge and complexity theory: some introductory issues,† International Journal of Innovation Management, vol.5 no.2, pp.257-274. Hanlon, D Luery, D 2011, â€Å"The role of pricing research in assessing the commercial potential of new mobile phone development,† International Journal of Marketing Research, vol.44 no.3, pp. 423-447. Klompmaker, JE, Rodgers, WH Nygren, AE 2010, â€Å"Value not volume,† Mark eting Management, vol.5 no.2, pp. 45-48. Lancaster, G Massingham, L 2011, Marketing management, McGraw-Hill, UK. Narayandas, D, Quelch, J Swartz, G 2010, â€Å"Prepare your company for global pricing,† Sloan Management Review, vol.5 no.3, pp. 61-70. Reich, BH Benbasat, I 1996, â€Å"Measuring the linkage between business and information technology objectives,† MIS Quarterly, MIS Quarterly The Society for Information Management, vol.20 no. 3, p.55. Simon, H Butscher, SA 2011, â€Å"Individualized pricing: boosting profitability with a high art of power pricing,† European Management Journal, vol.19 no.2, pp. 109-114. Sterman, JD 2000, Business dynamics: systems thinking and modeling for a complex world, McGraw-Hill, Boston. Weill, P Vitale, M 2002, â€Å"What IT infrastructure capabilities are needed to implement e-business models?† MIS Quarterly, vol.1 no.1, pp. 17-34. This report on Apple Inc. Smartphone Marketing Strategy in Australia was written and submitted by user Lillian Huffman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Best ACT Score Predictor

The Best ACT Score Predictor SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Taking the ACT is stressful- some test you’ve never seen before will affect where you go to college. As a high school student, I felt anxious taking the ACT because I hadn’t done any practice and had no idea whether I’d reach my target score. One way to mitigate nerves surrounding the ACT is to try to predict your ACT score. If you find out your estimate is close to your target score, you’ll feel relieved. If it’s low, at least you’ll know you need to do more preparation before taking the test. What is the best ACT score predictor? What should you do with your estimated ACT score? In this guide, I’ll walk you through the different ways to predict your ACT score and explain the pros and cons of each. I’ll also let you know how to use your estimated score to your advantage. What’s the Best Way to Predict Your ACT Score? The most accurate ACT score predictoris taking a full-length ACT practice test under realistic testing conditions. It's the closest thing tothe real ACT- your using an official ACT practice test from the ACT makers and taking it under similar testing conditions. This process is very time-consuming - it’ll take about four hours - but it’s worth it. Afterward, you have an ACT score from a real ACT test, whichyou can use to checkyourpreparedness to take the actual test, but I'll dive into that later. Where Can You Find a Practice Test? There are five free official ACT practice test PDFs available online, or if you own The Real ACT 3rd Edition, you could use one of those tests. If you’re using one of the free online tests, to give yourself the most realistic testing experience (and to avoid the distractions on the internet), I’d recommend that you print out a copy of the test. Key Tips fora Realistic Testing Experience Your goal is to try to accurately predict your ACT score. To do so, you need to mirror the circumstances of the actual ACT. Clear your desk.You should not have your phone, computer, dictionary or any other outside help.Note: Your phone should be off during the entire practice test.Only put some pencils, an eraser, a pencil sharpener, a calculator and extra batteries on your desk. Keep time on a watch, and stick to the exact timing for each section.Note: the time permitted is printed at the start of the section.Don’t allow yourself extra time; if you allow even an extra minute, you could end up with an inaccurate estimate.Also, you’re only allowed to work on one section during the allotted time. Don’t work on the next section if you finish early, and don’t do work on a previous section. How Do You Score Your Practice Test? Each practice test comes with scoring instructions, which are locatednear the end of the PDFs (typically in the last tenpages). You’ll start by calculating your raw score or the number of questions you answered correctly.Then, you use that raw score and a chart to find your scaled score for each section.You average the foursection scores to find your composite score. Note: This is only a baseline score- you can do dedicated ACT prep and raise your score. Start by creating a study schedule, and if you need a launching off point for your prep, read our free ACT study guides for Reading, Math, English, and Science. Create a schedule for test prep success! What Are Other Less Time Consuming Predictors? Did you take the PreACT* or SAT? If so, you can use that score to predict your ACT score. These test scores make good estimates because they’re taken under the same conditions as an ACT test (in the morning, with other students, etc.).I’ll give an overview of the pros and cons of using these tests as ACT score predictors. *Note:The PreACT is a brand new test that's debuting in the 2016-2017 school year. No one has taken it yet- the firsttest dates will be in Fall 2016. PreACT The PreACT is the next best option to taking an official ACT practice test.The PreACT was created by ACT, Inc., the same company that makes the ACT, to help predict your ACT score.It covers the same content as the ACT.Its difficulty level is similar to the ACT since it uses old ACT questions. The PreACT is graded on the same 1-36 scale.However, it’s much shorter than the actual ACT; it’s only 1 hour and 55 minutes (compared to almost 4 hours for the ACT plus Writing), so it doesnt' require the same level of endurance as the full test. Pros The PreACT was created by the same company as the ACT. It covers the same content as the ACT. The difficulty level is on par with the ACT. It is specificallyintended to predict your ACT score. Cons It’s much shorter than the actual ACT. SAT Score There are easy-to-use conversion tables that will convert your 400-1600 SAT score to a 1-36 score, but this isn’t as reliable as using a PreACT score.While the SAT is similar to the ACT and PreACT, the SAT was made by the College Board, not ACT, Inc. Though there is some matching content on the SAT and ACT, the material is not the same.For instance, while the ACT has a science section, the SAT doesn’t, and while the SAT has a no-calculator math section, the ACT doesn’t. If you use an SAT score to estimate your ACT score, the prediction could be off by up to 4 points.As an example, I got a 1420 on my SAT. Using this score and the conversion table, I found out my ACT score prediction would be 31, but I got a 34, 3 points more than the estimate.Some people do better on the ACT than the SAT (and vice versa). Pros Like the ACT, the SAT is designed to show college preparedness. Like the ACT, the SAT covers Math, Reading, and Writing topics. Cons The SAT was not created by ACT, Inc. The SAT doesn’t cover all of the material on the ACT. Estimates may not be exact (could be off by up to 4 points). Also, comparisons between the two tests are difficult to make since the SAT just underwent major changes. Some students simply performbetter on the ACT than SAT (and vice versa). Now that you know the good predictors let's examine the bad: What Won’t Be Good Predictors? I’d recommend avoiding any estimation method not mentioned above. However, here are some of the more commonly used ACT score predictors that I wouldn’t recommend. Non-Official Practice Tests Online you might find some non-official ACT practice tests (ones not created by ACT, Inc.).These will not give you a reliable ACT score prediction because they’re too dissimilar to the ACT.They don’t cover the same topics and don’t accurately copy the test format. While some students end up with scores close to the non-official prediction, the majority end up with scores 5-10 points higher or lower than the estimate. GPA Some students assume ACT scores correlate to GPA.If you have straight A’s, then you’ll get a 36; if you have a low GPA, then you’ll get a low ACT score.However, that’s not necessarily true. Some test-takers with low GPAs can get high ACT scores while others with high GPAs can end up with low scores.Don’t rely on your GPA to estimate your ACT score. AP/IB Tests Other students think that AP and IB exam score will be good ACT predictors since they cover college level material. However, these tests cover very specific, high-level subject matter such as Biology, Calculus, Economics, and History.These tests surpass the level of content covered by the ACT.Excelling or failing AP and IB exams has no correlation with ACT success. Use your predictor to see if you meet your target score. What Should You Do With Your Prediction? Are you unhappy with your predicted score? If so, you need to create an ACT prep schedule to help raise your score.Here is a rough estimate of how many hours you need to study to achieve certain score improvements: 0-1 ACT Composite Point Improvement: 10 hours 1-2 Point Improvement: 20 hours 2-4 Point Improvement: 40 hours 4-6 Point Improvement: 80 hours 6-9 Point Improvement: 150 hours+ Check out our ACT study guide for the Reading, Math, English, Science, and Writingsections to help you get started with your preparation. Are you happy with your estimated score? If so, you should still do a little ACT prep.Study for at least 10 hours.Take two practice tests with in-depth review. This way you’ll get more comfortable with the ACT test format, and you’ll be able to double check that your practice test scores match the original prediction. The ACT plusWriting has five sections:English,Math,Reading,Science, and Writing- they always appear in that order.Below is a breakdown of the timing and number of questions per section: English - 45 minutes - 75 questions Math - 60 minutes - 60 questions Reading- 35 minutes - 40 questions Science - 35 minutes - 40 questions Writing - 40 minutes - 1 essay Disclaimer: Remember that no estimate is 100% accurate, not even taking an official ACT practice test.Therefore, you should plan to take the real ACT more than once. That way, if you don’t reach your target score the first time, you have another chance. What’s Next? Now that you found your estimated ACT score how does it compare to your target score? Not sure where you’d like to go to college? Read our guide to finding your target school. Need help with your college application? Learn how to write about extracurriculars on your college application; get advice on the Common App essays. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Yuan an international medium of exchange Research Paper

Yuan an international medium of exchange - Research Paper Example Presently, the United States Dollar is the global medium of exchange. Since the beginning of this trend, the United States has benefited greatly in terms of the economic stability that the country has experienced. Clearly, if traders all across the world are seeking to have access to the United States Dollar, the only implication is that the value of the Dollar would continue to be strengthened naturally. However, various national and international factors have given rise to a situation whereby the strength of the United States Dollar continues to decline as against other global currencies. Today, the United States Dollar has been tagged as a weaker currency and thus its preference for international trading seem to be dwindling sharply. Without any doubt, the impact of this current trend is a positive one for the ambition of the Chinese government to have the Yuan become a global currency. From an international realism theory perspective, the initiative taken by China would have to m eet a number of conditions, among which includes the fact that â€Å"there must be strong demand by world traders, investors, and central bankers for the currency as a medium of exchange for foreign trade settlement†. But once the Yuan becomes accepted as an international medium of exchange and thus becomes a global currency, it would become â€Å"a unit of account for denominating international financial transactions, and a store of value for central banks' foreign exchange reserves†.And this is by no means an enviable position wanting.

The Penny Press Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Penny Press - Essay Example The penny press had much more to offer readers then traditional newspapers. The penny press, which became almost popular overnight, allowed writers to give the public a small breakdown of current events. This was important since readers no longer had to wait for other papers to circulate. Readers wanting to be updated on the latest and greatest events could purchase a subscription or pick up a paper from a local news stand. When consumers purchased the paper, they knew that the paper would contain information that was current and of interest. Not everyone took a liking to The Penny Press. â€Å"Many were not interested in the topics presented and thought that they appealed to a lower class of individuals.† (Friedman 2005) These people preferred the traditional style newspaper since it contained political info as well as the week’s most important headlines. The late 1800’s was a time that housed many new events. These new events were so popular and interesting to readers that they fueled the success of The Penny Press. The public quickly became use to the fact that they could read new and updated topics everyday for only one penny. The effect of the popularity of The Penny Press, left penny press writers with the need to constantly seek out new stories. These new stories were not always easy to find and The Penny Press opened up the doors and gave a new definition to the meaning journalism. Journalism quickly began to grow as the need for new stories became such a high demand. Consequences that arose from the increase in journalism as a result of The Penny Press are seen even in today’s society. These consequences include a decrease in the public’s privacy, an increase in paparazzi, and an increased want by the public to have information. The pressure this created on journalist made journalist hungry for information and willing to do what was necessary to get the most popular and sought after story. It is obvious that the

Product Life Cycle Theory in International Business

Product Life Cycle Theory in International Business Klug, Adam, 2006. Theories of International Trade. Routledge. This is a book from 2006 by Klug Adam and edited by Warren Young, Michael D. Bordo and Daniel Schiffman. The book tackles on various subjects of international trade including balance of payments, macro economics, political science, international relations, trade and tariffs and on business and economic issues like history and theories. Information contained in the book is very resourceful when studying international trade as its obtained from a through survey that Israeli economic historian conducted looking extensively on the different theories of international trade. Chacholiades Miltiades. 2006. The pure theory of international trade. New York: Transaction Publishers. In this book by Miltiades several theories as of international trade including the classical, neoclassical as well as the modern theories with special attention given to the problems, welfare and growth. In addition to that discussions of the major works done by major contributors in the field of international trade are included in this book. Fr instance contributions by scholars like Heckscher, Ohlin, Ricardo and Mill through Meade to the growth models of Johnson, Uzawa and Solow. In this book problems are sated clearly with easy and convenient solution being sought in each case with the technical topics in the filed discussed in several chapters as well as appendices may be omitted fro less advanced studies by lower level students without necessarily interrupting with the continuity of the book. Markusen,R James. 2004. Multinational firms and the theory of international trade. California: MIT Press. Markusen in his book above on interaction trade despite he obvious importance that multinational firms has in international economics, both theoretical as well as empirical research on such firms has usually been separately conducted especially on international trade. Therefore in this book the author has provided a comprehensive integration of both field and it has achieved this by drawing on two decades of research focusing on the interaction of scale economies, factor endowments, trade costs and competition. Decisions about whether to acquire or build a foreign plant are analyzed separately from the decisions regarding place of raising the financing. Stark John. 2005. Product lifecycle management: 21st century paradigm for product realization. Birkhà ¤user. This book explains the significance of product life cycle management both from the business as well as technical points of views. Explanations given are supported by examples which show how the world class engineering and manufacturing companies successfully implement product life cycle management. This book is very resourceful as it introduces product life cycle management which is a holistic view concerning product development, supports the use as well as the disposal for the industry globally and all these is based on the experience derived from internationally renowned companies. In addition to that the book also shows how one can take full advantage of the product lifecycle management, ways of preparing people to working with product lifecycle environment, ways of making best choices reading personal situations thus help in providing a deeper understanding as well as in the nurturing of skills that are needed to implement product cycle management successfully promoting achieveme nt of a world class product development as well as support performance. Finally the book also gives access to companion websites that contain further material reading the topic. Electronic databases Rubera Gaia, Griffith David Ordanin Andrea. 2011. Incorporating cultural values for understanding the influence of perceived product creativity on intention to buy: An examination in Italy and the US. Journal of business studies. March 2011. Vol 1 no 1 This paper was written in response to the increasing competition globally changing the market place in which new products are introduced to. Therefore the paper helps in extending the knowledge on the effects of a perceived product thus contributing to study literature through empirical investigation of the influence of cultural values on relationships between creativity dimensions of meaningfulness, novelty and intentions of buying process. The paper utilizes the schmaltz values framenwork in theorizing the cultural differences. This paper involves use of results obtained from a case study done between 206 Italian and 201 United States based consumers. Hofstede Geert, Cultural dimensions in management and planning. Asia pacific journal of management, Vol 1 No.2 pg 81-99. Management skills are culturally specific thus management techniques or even philosophy appropriate in one culture does not necessary mean its appropriate for another. This paper describes extensively scope of work related cultural differences based on research conducted in more than 50 countries around the globe. In addition to that it carries a discursion on how these differences affects validity of management techniques as well as philosophies in various countries that lay within the functioning and the meaning of planning. Hoftede Geert, Asian management in the 21st Century. Asia pacific Journal of management. Vol 24, No 4 pg 411-420. This paper is inspired by the recent research that reveals that fundamental differences regarding the goals of business leaders from various societies. Result which are contrary to the popular opinion that crucial elements of management process shows a strong continuity over a period of time, with variation from one country to another which is often as a function of the local culture. Therefore this paper explores the general characteristics of Asian management compared to management in other parts of the world focusing on the impacts of the Asian management and its origins of culture on the merging Asian multinationals as well as the state of art in management in the 21st century business world. Reuer Jeffrey Tony W Tong, 18 February 2010. Competitive consequences of interfirm collaboration: How joint ventures shape industry profitability. Journal of International Business Studies 41, 1056-1073. Based on contrasting results obtained from recent research on international business regarding he use of knowledge of joint venture in increasing through competitiveness and the research on industrialization organization economic which reveal that joint venture can also be use in various ways to attenuate completion ,this article therefore joints the two streams of research on reducing or enhancing competition through empirical testing of the effects of various types of venture on the organization profitability. Thus this paper yield results reading the above issues and also shows the importance of adopting contingent approaches in evaluation of competitive implications of various joint ventures. Finally the paper also addresses on the values of reinvigorating international business research con competitive context as well as consequences of interim collaborations. Rink Davi, 12th April 2002. Product Life cycle Research: A literature Review. Journal of Business Research Vol.7 no 3 pg 219-242 This paper contains resourceful information on the various issues .first is the review of the scope of product life cycle research, areas that require further research and finally provide guideline to be used by future researchers. This paper offer tentative conclusions which are advanced as compared to empirical evidence due to its paucity. For instance it conclude that the most common product life cycle used is the classical bell-shaped. It also has result on the success of the application of product life cycle which it finds that it has been met with quite some success. The paper also has information on the least researched areas which include the effects of different characteristics of the firm on product life cycle and the actual utilization of product life cycle strategy theories among the business planners. Finally the paper has extensive literature on validation of the existing product life cycle concept among the nondurable consumer goods leading to the conclusion that a res earch that is more diversified as well as extensive should be conducted in the future. Items public on the Internet Mullor-Sebastian Alicia. Winter 1983.The product life cycle theory: empirical evidence. Journal of international studies retrievable from: http://www.jstor.org/pss/154692 This article presents resourceful information based on three empirical test of the product cycle theory which is based on information obtained from United States data which is relatively new hence giving information on larger number of products as well as lower levels of aggregation as compared to data used in the earlier tests. The papers also provide information regarding the behavior of industrial products behavior in relation to the theory product cycle theory on world markets. in addition to that it provide result on the behavior of the individual products based on the theory. Finally the paper offer policy implications concerning the reliance of development strategies in industrial sectors rather than on individual commodities. Pomfret Richard.2008. Lecture notes on international trade theory and policy. World Scientific retrievable from: http://books.google.com/books?id=MJDuoEHuIUsCdq=Theories+of+international+tradesource=gbs_navlinks_s This book resource is available online and it provide a very comprehensive review of the international theory on international trade as well as on trade policy, including a coverage of all the research areas that have been studied including the heterogeneous firm trade models as well as trade costs. In addition to that the book proceeds to give an in-depth analysis of the history of trade policies and evolution of global trading system primarily lay an emphasis on the important policies as well as the controversial issues that include Doha Round, regionalism, fair trade as well as anti dumping duties. Olling, Renà ©Soà «nen. 2003. Feature based product life cycle modeling. Retrieved from: http://books.google.com/books?id=rYYonETpoZoCdq=Product+life-cycle+theorysource=gbs_navlinks_s In meeting the ever increasing high demands regarding improvement and speeding up of the product development process fro concept of customer feedback, feature based technology is the critical factor. Therefore it sis expected to providing better approach that enable integration complete product design process chain. this resource therefore provide a lot of important information including chapters encompassing significant phase of product development right from the conceptual design to recycling process covering topics on Knowledge based engineering, Life-phases modeling, *Manufacturing process cost estimation; *Technological links among assemblies, Multiple-view geometric modeling, Product recovery estimation, Machining preparation, Product deterioration prediction and Manufacturing modeling. This books include of a selection of resources obtained from International Conference on Feature Modeling in Advanced Design-for-the-Life-Cycle Systems (FEATS 2001) held in Valenciennes, France in June 2001. Hill, Charles (2007). International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Retrievable from: www.ebookfree-download.com//international-business6th-edition-charles-hill-pdf.php The book resource is easily accessible in the ebook.com and it has information on the stages that are involved in a product lifecycle. It gives information on the definition of terms on the topic, as well as the introduction, stage, growth stage, maturity stage and finally the decline stage. In addition to that it offer finer detail of the process hence its in details thus can be used as good resource for literature reviews and deeper understanding of the theory of product life cycle as well as the its management. The product life cycle theory Is the Product life-cycle theory significant when it comes to dynamics of international business in this modern era? Essay Plan. In addition to explain the theory of product life cycle, the theory is an economic theory that was developed by Raymond Vernon and it was based on observation that united sates firms introduced a higher proportion of the 20th century worlds new products and more of such products were first sold in the United States market. Example of such products s includes the instant cameras, television, personal computers, photocopiers as well as semi conductors (Chacholiades, 69.) The theory was developed after the Heckscher-Ohlin model failed to explain the observed pattern of international trade. The product life cycle is usually used to understand as well as analyze the various maturity stages of products and industries especially as product innovation and diffusion influences the long terms patterns of the international trade. Products life cycle was used for the first time in 1965 by Theodore Levitt in a Harvard business review article (Hill, Charles, 103). Product life cycle management is therefore a relatively new paradigm for the process of product manufacturing as it enables the company in management of its products through out their life cycles in the possible most effective way. Such management has several benefits to the company and these include the following: aid the company getting its products to the market as quickly as possible, provides a better support for the use of such products, and finally helps in a better management of their end-of-life (Klug, 424). Considering todays high competitive global markets companies are expected to meeting the increasing demands of its customers as well as rapidly continuously and rapidly improving its products and services. Thus for any company to realize such demanding goals the product life cycle management enhance the company efforts of meeting such demand by extending as well as bringing together previously separate filed s like the computer aided design, sustainable management, product data management, enterprises resource planning and the life cycle analysis and recycling (Olling, 203). Product life cycle has several stages which are the introduction stage when the company consults a through market research and develops its product, growth stage follow and in this stage involves strategies that gain the customers attention to help increase products market share, maturity stage (stage where most companies struggle in maintaining their respective market shares, growth stage )and finally the decline stage when the revenues generated from the sales of the products start to deep due to factors like market saturation, latest technological development and finally as a result of stiff competition (Pomfret, 108). The typical pattern of product life cycle has several exception which include the following: it exclude products that have very short life cycles, the luxury and service goods, products that require some specialized labour, products differentiated from competitive offerings and finally the theory excepts products for which its transportation costs are relatively higher (Chacholiades, 678). The typical theory of product life cycle by Vernon has several draw backs that include the following: the theory is les effective when it comes to explaining recent FDI trends, it also helps in explanation of the location of production unfortunately it doesnt explain the initial advantage of the firm moving areas. In addition to that the theory also appears dynamic in nature i.e. Its only programmatic and the final drawback is that it ignores licensing. Since the adoption of the theory by marketing it has achieved a universal acceptance and this is attributed to its appeal and wider application (Mullor-Sebastian, 567). The theory has been widely quoted and frequently taught element of marketing and this has it being very influential as it has been seen in other theories ranging from new product development, in the positioning and differentiation and finally in the portfolio analysis(Klug, 324). Thus product life cycle as Weber provide an intuitively appealing as well as readily understandable framework of analysis process to be used fro considering future growth.